All companies followed the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail from Florence, but probably followed the military road between the Elkhorn River and Ft. Kearney. Foreign emigrants trained, generally, to Quincy, Illinois. Steam ships took them to Hannibal, Missouri, where trains took them to St. Joseph, and steam ships took them to Omaha. From there they walked to Florence. Those going through Council Bluffs crossed the Missouri River at the upper ferry.
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